The 28/36 Rule
Lenders use the 28/36 rule to determine how much you can borrow:
- 28% rule — Your total housing costs (mortgage + taxes + insurance) should not exceed 28% of your gross monthly income
- 36% rule — Your total debt payments (housing + car + student loans + credit cards) should not exceed 36% of your gross monthly income
Our calculator uses both rules and shows you the lower (more conservative) result.
What Affects How Much You Can Afford?
- Income — Higher income = larger mortgage approval
- Existing debts — Car payments, student loans, and credit cards reduce your borrowing power
- Down payment — A larger down payment means you can afford a more expensive home
- Interest rate — Even a 0.5% rate difference changes your purchasing power by $20,000-$40,000
- Property taxes — Vary widely by state (0.3% in Hawaii to 2.5% in New Jersey)
How Much Down Payment Do You Need?
- Conventional loan — 5-20% down (20% avoids PMI)
- FHA loan — 3.5% minimum down payment
- VA loan — 0% down for eligible veterans
- USDA loan — 0% down for eligible rural areas
Use our Mortgage Calculator to see your exact monthly payment for a specific home price, or our Savings Goal Calculator to plan your down payment savings.